12/31/2023 0 Comments Potassium in iceberg lettuce![]() As expected, scores in the same percentile ranking were lower on the MoCA compared to the MMSE. Clinically relevant cut-points on the MMSE and corresponding scores, based on percentile rankings, on the MoCA and A-MoCA are presented in Table 2. There was a high correlation between the MMSE and the MoCA (r=.84, 95% CI =.80–.88) and the A-MoCA (r=.82, 95% CI =.77–.86). Expectedly, scores on both tests are lower in patients with dementia and/or delirium. ( Table 1) Mean scores on the MMSE and MoCA are presented by cognitive (dementia) and delirium status in Appendix Table 1. The average score on the MMSE was 24 (SD=6, observed range =2–30), on the MoCA was 19 (SD=7 observed range =0–30) and on the A-MoCA was 14 (SD=5 observed range =0–22). Scores on the MMSE were higher, in general, than scores on the MoCA. MMSE range = 0–30 MoCA range = 0–30 Abbreviated MoCA 3 range = 0–22 SD = standard deviation ADL – Activities of Daily Living 14 IADL = Instrument Activities of Daily Living 15 MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam 1, MoCA = Montreal Cognitive, Assessment 2. We directly linked scores on the MMSE and MoCA in a sample of 199 inpatients, providing a crosswalk for scores on the full and abbreviated (using the items included in the telephone version) versions of the MoCA to corresponding scores on the MMSE. The MMSE, along with its well-established cut-points for impairment, has been used by frontline physicians and researchers for decades and a direct linkage of scores on the MoCA to the MMSE would help clinicians and researchers better understand patient scores on the increasingly popular MoCA. 4– 11 However, a direct linkage of scores and cut-points on the two measures does not exist. Prior studies have compared the sensitivity and specificity of the MoCA and MMSE in detecting MCI and dementia. 2 Recently, a telephone version of the MoCA has been validated, expanding the settings and circumstances in which patients can be evaluated. The MoCA has excellent sensitivity for MCI (90%) and mild Alzheimer’s disease (100%) compared to a clinical evaluation in a memory clinic. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Battery (MoCA), 2 was developed for assessment of MCI and includes expanded assessments of visuospatial and executive function. ![]() In addition, the MMSE is limited in its ability to detect Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and is not well validated for telephone administration. 1 However, the MMSE is now under copyright restrictions and is no longer freely available, potentially limiting routine use of the MMSE in clinical and research settings. The most widely used global cognitive screening instrument is the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). When it comes to getting the most vitamins, minerals and antioxidants per serving, here’s my rating of types of lettuce from most to least nutritious: Romaine, green leaf, butterhead (Boston, bib), red leaf, and finally, iceberg.With increasing evidence from clinical and epidemiologic studies for an association between cognitive status and clinical, functional and quality of life outcomes, screening instruments for assessment of cognitive function have proliferated. Compared to red leaf, green leaf, butterhead (Boston and bib types) and iceberg, it delivers more folate, potassium, beta carotene and lutein. ![]() So, to answer your question, the most nutritious lettuce is Romaine. In general, lettuce that is darker green in colour is a better source of nutrients than lighter coloured lettuce. That said, you can’t count on all types of lettuce to be a good source of all vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Recipe: Three ideas for those who love salads full of flavour and textureĪdd these 10 nutrient-rich foods to your diet to promote longevity Green leaf lettuce vs. The condition results in progressive loss of visual sharpness and is the leading cause of severe vision loss in older adults. (Macular degeneration attacks the central part of the retina called the macula, which controls fine, detailed vision. ![]() Research shows that people who have high intakes of lutein from foods are less likely to develop cataract and macular degeneration. Once consumed, lutein makes its way to the eye where it protects the retina and lens from free radical damage. Lutein is also an antioxidant that helps preserve our eyesight as we age. In fact, its antioxidant properties are thought to help prevent certain cancers and other diseases. Beta-carotene is a powerful antioxidant, protecting cells in the body from damage caused by free radicals. Lettuce is also a good source of two phytochemicals: beta-carotene and lutein. ![]()
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